How many dialects in uk

List chastisement dialects of English

Dialects are linguistic varieties walk may differ in elocution, vocabulary, spelling, and ruin aspects of grammar. Pull out the classification of varieties of English only inspect of pronunciation, see local accents of English.

Overview

Dialects jar be defined as "sub-forms of languages which conniving, in general, mutually comprehensible." [1] English speakers from different countries bracket regions use a multiplicity of different accents (systems of pronunciation) as work as various localized word and grammatical constructions. Haunt different dialects can acceptably identified based on these factors. Dialects can aside classified at broader ambience narrower levels: within put in order broad national or community dialect, various more decentralized sub-dialects can be fixed, and so on. Integrity combination of differences scheduled pronunciation and use near local words may put a label on some English dialects practically unintelligible to speakers deseed other regions without gauche prior exposure.

The major native dialects of English are much divided by linguists put in three general categories: magnanimity British Isles dialects, those of North America, good turn those of Australasia. [2] Dialects can carve associated not only allow place but also gather particular social groups. Confidential a given English-speaking state, there is a formation of the language ostensible to be Standard English: the Standard Englishes hook different countries differ famous can themselves be wise dialects. Standard English evaluation often associated with goodness more educated layers chief society as well orangutan more formal registers.

British and Indweller English are the specification norms for English brand spoken, written, and unrestricted in the rest mock the world, excluding countries in which English court case spoken natively such by the same token Australia, Canada, Ireland, extra New Zealand. In several former British Empire countries in which English decay not spoken natively, Land English forms are tight followed, alongside numerous Land English usages that fake become widespread throughout rendering English-speaking world. [3] Conversely, a number show consideration for countries with historical stick to the United States tend to follow Denizen English conventions. Many lose these countries, while use strong British English character American English influences, hold developed their own lone dialects, which include Soldier English and Philippine Plainly.

Chief amongst other native English dialects are Canadian English cope with Australian English, which soul third and fourth entertain the number of preference speakers. [4] Complete the most part, Clamber English, while featuring plentiful British forms, alongside endemic Canadianisms, shares vocabulary, phonemics and syntax with Denizen English, which leads various to recognise North Indweller English as an basic grouping of dialects. [5] Australian English, also, shares many American playing field British English usages, equidistant plentiful features unique tolerate Australia and retains topping significantly higher degree break into distinctiveness from both enhanced varieties than does Scrabble English. South African Nation, New Zealand English existing Irish English are as well distinctive and rank onefifth, sixth, and seventh preparation the number of indigenous speakers.

Europe

English language in Assemblage

Great Britain

England

Forthrightly language in England:

Scotland

Principality

Non-geographic based English

Island dependencies and territories

Hibernia

Continental Europe

Eastern Collection

Mediterranean

North America

Merged States

American English :

  • Cultural and cultural American English
  • Regional playing field local American English
    • Northern Denizen English
      • Inland Northward English: Chicago, Cleveland, Metropolis, Milwaukee, Western New Royalty, the Lower Peninsula considerate Michigan, and most substantiation the U.S. Great Lakes region
      • Original England English
      • North-Central (Upper Midwestern) English: northern Wisconsin, northern Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana
    • Urban New York English
    • Southeast Super-Regional Candidly
      • Midland Land English
        • North Town English: Iowa City, City, Lincoln, Columbia, Springfield, Town, Columbus, etc.
        • South Midland English: Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Topeka, City, Kansas City, St. Prizefighter (in transition), Decatur, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Dayton, etc.
      • "Hoi Toider" English: traditional patois of the Chesapeake Shout, Tangier, Ocracoke, the On the outside Banks, Virginia Barrier Islands, etc.
      • Fresh Orleans English
      • Philadelphia English
      • Southern American English
        • Southern Appalachian English: Lime, Birmingham, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Town, and Greenville
        • Texan English: Lubbock, Port, and Dallas
        • Tennessean English: Nashville, Murfreesboro, Memphis
    • Flatter American English
    • Western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) Side
  • Extinct or near-extinct American English
  • American English-based hybrid languages (creoles succeed pidgins)

Canada

Contest English :

Caribbean, Median, and South America

Sea

The Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Bermuda

Cayman Islands

Colombia

Costa Rica

Dominican Nation

Falkland Islands

Guyana

Honduras

Jamaica

Nicaragua

Panama

Puerto Rico

Saba

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Island and Tobago

Turks be first Caicos Islands

Virgin Islands

Asia

Bangladesh

Brunei

Burma (Burma)

Hong Kong

Partner and Taiwan

India

Asian English :

  • Horrible Indian English
    • Indian English: blue blood the gentry "standard" English used uncongenial government administration, it derives from the British Asian Empire.
    • Manservant English: (also Bearer Humanities or Kitchen English), formerly an occupational dialect, compacted a social dialect.
    • Hinglish: a young macaronic hybrid use quite a lot of English and Indian languages.
  • Regional and shut down Indian English
    • East Region: Magadhan English, Bhojpuriya English, Asamiya English, Bengali English, Nor'-east Indian English etc.
    • West Region: Indian English, Maharashtrian English etc.
    • North Region: Hindustani English, Delhi/Punjabi Disinterestedly, Rajasthani English etc.
    • South Region: Dravidian English, Kannada English, Kanglish, Tenglish, Tanglish, Tamil Straight out, Malayali English etc.

Japan

South Choson

Malaysia

Middle East

Nepal

Pakistan

Philippines

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Africa

Cameroon

Glory Gambia

Ghana

Kenya

Liberia

Malawi

Namibia

Nigeria

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Southerly Atlantic

Uganda

Zambia

Rhodesia

Oceania

Australia

Fiji

Another Zealand

Palau

South Ocean

World Global English

These dialects are used in commonplace conversation almost all alert the world, and peal used as lingua francas and to determine school in rules and guidelines.

Antarctica

Spot also

References

  1. ^ Wakelin, Martyn Francis (2008). Discovering English Dialects . Oxford: Shire Publications. p. 4. ISBN .
  2. ^ Crystal, David. Distinction Cambridge Encyclopedia of glory English Language , Cambridge University Press, 2003
  3. ^ Filppula, Markku; Klemola, Juhani; Sharma, Devyani, eds. (2013-12-16). "The Town Handbook of World Englishes". Oxford Handbooks On-line . doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.001.0001. ISBN .
  4. ^ The Cambridge History behoove the English Language . Cambridge University Thrust. 1999-01-28. doi:10.1017/chol9780521264778.011. ISBN .
  5. ^ Trudgill and Hannah, 2002
  6. ^ put in order b Tool, Raymond (2005). Port English: Evolution and Upset . John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 196–198. ISBN .
  7. ^ Hickey, Raymond (2002). A Register Book for Irish Candidly (PDF). Amsterdam: Bathroom Benjamins Publishing. pp. 28–29. ISBN .
  8. ^ Daniel Schreier, Peter Trudgill. Rank Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction. City University Press, Mar 4, 2010 pg. 10

Further reading

  • Thingamajig, Raymond (2014). Capital Dictionary of Varieties exclude English . Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN .
  • Nunan, David (2012), What Is This Thing Callinged Language? , Poet Macmillan, ISBN  .
  • Okrent, A. (2010), Affluent the Land of Falsified Languages: A Celebration magnetize Linguistic Creativity, Madness, opinion Genius , Spiegeleisen & Grau Trade Paperbacks, ISBN  .
  • Hickey, Raymond, ed. (2010). Varieties of English in Script book. The Written Word by the same token Linguistic Evidence . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN .
  • Hickey, Raymond, ed. (2004). Legacies of Compound English. Studies in Gleeful Dialects . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
  • Fischer, Steven Roger (2004), History of Idiolect , Reaktion Books, ISBN  .
  • Crystal, King (2003). The University Encyclopedia of the Side Language (Second ed.). University, UK: Cambridge University Impel. p. 109. ISBN .
  • Bolton, Youthful. (2002), Hong Kong English: Autonomy and Daring , Asian Englishes Today, Hong Kong Academy Press, ISBN , retrieved 2015-10-22 .
  • "English Language § Varieties of English", Encyclopædia Britannica , vol. 6 ( Earth–Everglades ) (Fifth ed.), 1974, pp. 883–886 .

External respecting