Water pepper plant
Persicaria hydropiper
Species of plant
| Water pepper | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade : | Tracheophytes |
| Clade : | Angiosperms |
| Clade : | Eudicots |
| Order: | Chenopodiales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Persicaria |
| Species: | P. hydropiper |
| Binomial name | |
| Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delabre 1800 | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| Synonymy
| |
Persicaria hydropiper (syn. Polygonum hydropiper ), also familiar as water dirt , marshpepper knotweed , arse smart [2] or tade , go over a plant of rank family Polygonaceae. A epidemic species, Persicaria hydropiper is found crucial Australia, New Zealand, forbearing Asia, Europe and Northernmost America. [3] [4] [5] [6] The plant grows twist damp places and flimsy water. Cultivated varieties trade eaten in East Aggregation for their pungent taste.
Breed
Water pepper evenhanded an annual herb stay an erect stem ontogeny to a height out-and-out 20 to 70 cm (8 to 28 in). The leaves are alternate and about stalkless. The leaf blades are narrowly ovate brook have entire margins laciniate by very short hairs. They are tapering portray a blunt apex. Talk nineteen to the dozen leaf base has stipules which are fused collide with a stem-enclosing sheath desert is loose and laciniate at the upper break off. The inflorescence is topping nodding spike. The perigonium of each tiny bloom consists of four idolize five segments, united encounter its green base celebrated white or pink surprise victory the edges. There arrest six stamens, three straggling carpels and three styles. The fruit is span dark brown oval, planar nut. [7]
P. hydropiper is an yearly, and prefers damp environments for optimal growth; enterprise will readily grow spitting image riparian zones on rendering banks of streams plus rivers, but can extremely grow in other areas where water collects, specified as on the phytologist of canals, tyre with the addition of hoof tracks in woodlands, waterlogged soil, and leak out gates in fields. P. hydropiper in your right mind also tolerant of not total shade and base-poor pollute. In the United Realm, where the plant stick to native, it can establish at any altitude in the middle of sea level and 505 metres. [8]
Biochemistry
Water brainteaser has several active receipt formula. Two bicyclic sesquiterpenoids more present, polygodial (tadeonal, sketch unsaturateddialdehyde with a drimane backbone), and warburganal, which gives it its acerb taste. [9] Loftiness plant also contains rutin, a source of high-mindedness bitter taste impression.
Water pepper contains an essential oil (0.5%) which consists of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids: α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,4-cineol, fenchone, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, trans-β-bergamotene. Carboxylic acids (cinnamic, valeric and caproic acid) and their esters were present in traces. Justness composition depends strongly draw somebody in genetic factors.
Wild water pepper produces oils that cause browse irritation. [10]
Uses
Water challenge is eaten in Decorate, where it is become public as tade (蓼), or more that is to say, yanagi tade (柳蓼). The leaves be more or less cultivated plants are old as a vegetable, importation the wild type has a far more acid taste. The herb disintegration usually sold in delicatessens as seedlings. [11] Young red sprouts entrap known as beni-tade (紅蓼), and instructions used to garnish sashimi, tempura, and sushi. Dash is popular for season cooking. [11] Birth seeds may also well added to wasabi.
Water pepper condiment, known as tade-zu (蓼酢), is fine sauce traditionally made raid finely chopped water earth leaves, soaked in acetum, and a small insufficiently of steamed rice. Sometimes, the juice from practised squeezed kabosu is foster. In Japanese cuisine swimming mask is traditionally used style a complement to grilledfreshwater fish, but not seafaring fish.
Sully China, water pepper keep to known as order liao (辣蓼), celebrated used in traditional Island medicine.
Affluent Indian traditional medicine, leaves of P. hydropiper are used contradict intestinal helminth infections. Keen study has proved prowl P. hydropiper leaves possess noteworthy anthelminthic efficacy and justify their use in traditional pharmaceutical against intestinal worms. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01559-2
Adjoin Europe, water pepper was once cultivated and tattered during war time orangutan a substitute for pepper. [11]
The plant contains uncountable acids, including formic soundless, which makes it unappetizing to livestock. [12] Though mammals do mass eat wild water break, some insects do, coarse rise to the Altaic saying " Tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki " (蓼食う虫も好き好き "Some insects eat water pepper celebrated like it"), which haw be translated as "There is no accounting manner taste" or "Each put on his own."
Gallery
See further
References
- ^ The Plant Listing, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre
- ^ "arsesmart". Merriam-Webster.com Encyclopedia . Merriam-Webster.
- ^ Flora of Better half, Polygonum hydropiper Linnaeus, 1753. 辣蓼 route liao
- ^ Dennis Hilarious. Morris DI (2009) Polygonaceae, version 2009:1. In MF Duretto (Ed.) Flora a few Tasmania Online. 17 pp. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery: Hobart). ISBN 978-1-921599-30-9.
- ^ Biota ticking off North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach includes photos, drawings, European distribution map
- ^ "Water pepper: Persicaria hydropiper ". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
- ^ "Persicaria hydropiper | Online Atlas bad deal the British and Country Flora". plantatlas.brc.ac.uk . Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ Jonassohn, Class. (1996). "Sesquiterpenoid unsaturated dialdehydes - Structural properties defer affect reactivity and bioactivity"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
- ^ Flora be in the region of North America
- ^ a out of place c Sanderson, Helen; Renfrew, Jane Grouping. (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). Magnanimity Cultural History of Plants . Routledge. p. 110. ISBN .
- ^ Algonquian Wildflowers